#KLINGON LANGY PLUS#

Klingon does not have adjectives as a distinct part of speech. ghojwIКј ghaH HaDwIКјКјeКј A studier is a learner.A third-person subject that is not a pronoun must go after the pronoun-verb and carry the type-5 noun suffix -КјeКј Pronouns The pronoun can take verb suffixes, which then modify the pronoun like any other verb.

#KLINGON LANGY PLUS#

Pronouns can be used as verbs that act as the pronoun plus the verb to be. Klingon has no verb that corresponds to the verb to be the concept is expressed using a different grammatical construction. LuSoplaH They are able to eat it luSoplaH beКј They are not able to eat it luSop beКјlaH They are able to not eat it (In context, possibly equivalent to They can refuse to eat it) luSop beКјlaH beКј They are not able to not eat it (In context, possibly equivalent to They cannot refuse to eat it) Pronouns and copula The position of the rover suffixes affects the meaning of the word.

The rover suffix -beКј negates what precedes it but in the imperative mood -QoКј is used.

They modify whatever directly precedes them. These suffixes have no defined position, and can go after the verb stem or after any suffix вЂ“ even another rover вЂ“ except after a type-9 suffix or where the result would be meaningless. This type of suffix is known as a lengwIКј in Klingon, which is translated as rover ( leng wander + wIКј). Their usage is covered in the purpose clauses section.

The suffix -meH is used in purpose clauses.

Their usage is covered in the relative clauses section.

The suffix -bogh is used in relative clauses.

Д«IКјIlmoКј, qavoq Because you are sincere, I trust you ( bIКјIl you are sincere, qavoq I trust you)

The suffix -moКј indicates the main clause is occurring because of this clause.

ДaSamlaHchugh, DaSuqlaH If you can find it, you can take it ( DaSamlaH you can find it, DaSuqlaH you can acquire (take) it)

The suffix -chugh is used to form conditionals.

JImej chocholDIКј As soon as you approach me, I leave ( jImej I leave, chochol you approach me)

The suffix -DIКј indicates that the event of the main clause occurs immediately after the event of this clause is completed.

LumtaHvIS, pagh taКј He accomplishes nothing while he procrastinates ( lum procrastinate, taКј accomplish, pagh nothing)

It is always used in conjunction with the type-7 suffix continuous suffix -taH. The suffix -vIS indicates that the main clause is occurring at the same time as this clause.JItlheDpaКј, HIboQ Before I depart, assist me ( jItlheD I depart, HIboQ assist me) The suffix -paКј indicates that the event described in the main clause occurs chronologically before the event of this clause.A subordinate clause may go after or before the clause it modifies. The following seven suffixes are used to form subordinate clauses. * Expressed with the type-5 verb suffix -luКј Legend Klingon verb prefixes mark both the subject and the object. The presentation of the verb stem as an infinitive in this article's example sentences is just to show the individual morphemes.

A rover suffix can go between any of them. (The tenth type, called rovers, are an exception.) Again as with nouns, the types of suffix must appear in a strict order, indicated by their type number: a type 2 suffix goes before a type 3 suffix, but after a type 1 suffix. There are ten types of suffix, and as with nouns, a verb can have no more than one suffix of any type. Klingon verbs mark for aspect but not for tense, which is indicated where necessary by context and by time adverbs.

The topicalizing suffix -КјeКј indicates the topic of the sentence or emphasises the noun in the phrase, and also marks the head noun of a relative clause.

Adverbs usually go at the beginning of the sentence and prepositional phrases go before the object. Klingon follows an objectвЂ“verbвЂ“subject word order.

3.2.5 Type 5 (undefined subject capability).

Klingon langy